Transit-oriented development (TOD) concentrates housing, retail, and offices within walking distance of public transit stations. Studies show TOD residents own fewer cars, generating less traffic and pollution. However, these developments often accelerate gentrification—rising property values near transit displace longtime residents who lack the income to remain. Some cities now require affordable housing components in new TOD projects.
Based on the passage, it can be inferred that
transit-oriented development has only environmental benefits
policy interventions may be needed to balance competing goals in urban development
all current residents near transit can afford TOD housing
gentrification is the primary goal of transit planning
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the best answer. TOD has benefits but creates displacement; cities respond with requirements.
- Context clues: Environmental benefits exist alongside gentrification; cities "now require affordable housing."
- Meaning: Policy requirements address the competing goals of sustainability and affordability.
- Verify: The affordable housing components are exactly such a policy intervention.
đź’ˇ Strategy: When problems arise from otherwise beneficial developments, and responses emerge, infer the need for policy balance.
Choice A is incorrect because gentrification is a significant social cost. Choice C is incorrect because displacement means residents "lack the income to remain." Choice D is incorrect because gentrification is an unintended consequence, not a goal.