Text 1: Philosopher Dr. Anna Moore defends humanism. "Human flourishing is the proper measure of value," Moore argues. "Ethical systems exist to serve human needs. Anthropocentrism is appropriate moral orientation."
Text 2: Deep ecologist Dr. Robert Wong challenges human-centeredness. "Species-centric ethics reflects arbitrary privilege," Wong contends. "Ecosystems, species, and nature itself have value beyond human interests. Anthropocentrism is ethical parochialism."
What charge does Wong level against Moore's ethical orientation?
That humans don't actually flourish
That prioritizing humans reflects unjustified species bias
That ethics cannot have any orientation
That ecosystems don't exist
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Wong calls anthropocentrism "ethical parochialism" and "arbitrary privilege." Moore's human focus is, Wong claims, species bias lacking justification.
- Evidence: Wong: "Species-centric ethics reflects arbitrary privilege."
- Reasoning: Why should one species' interests define value?
- Conclusion: Wong charges unjustified bias.
Choice A is incorrect because Wong doesn't deny flourishing. Choice C is incorrect because Wong proposes alternative orientation. Choice D is incorrect because Wong values ecosystems.