Text 1: Sociologist Dr. Lisa Moore studies social capital. "Dense social networks provide support, information, and opportunities," Moore writes. "Communities with high social capital show better health, safety, and economic outcomes."
Text 2: Urban researcher Dr. James Chen examines network effects. "Tight-knit communities can exclude outsiders and enforce conformity," Chen observes. "Social capital has a dark side—in-group solidarity can mean out-group exclusion."
What does Chen add to Moore's social capital analysis?
That social networks don't exist
That the benefits of social capital may come with exclusionary costs
That community has no measurable effects
That all networks are identical
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Moore emphasizes benefits. Chen adds that these benefits may accompany exclusion—"in-group solidarity can mean out-group exclusion." Benefits and costs go together.
- Evidence: Chen: "Social capital has a dark side."
- Reasoning: The same cohesion that helps insiders excludes outsiders.
- Conclusion: Chen adds costs to Moore's benefit analysis.
Choice A is incorrect because Chen studies networks. Choice C is incorrect because Chen examines specific effects. Choice D is incorrect because Chen discusses variation (in-group vs. out-group).