Text 1: Neuroscientist Dr. Maya Stone studies addiction. "Addiction alters brain reward circuitry," Stone explains. "Compulsive use results from neurobiological changes. Addiction is a brain disease requiring medical treatment."
Text 2: Social psychologist Dr. Robert Hall examines addiction recovery. "Most people with substance dependence eventually recover without treatment," Hall reports. "Social factors—employment, relationships, purpose—predict recovery better than medication. The disease model may underemphasize human agency and social context."
How does Hall's research complicate Stone's disease model?
By denying that brain changes occur
By suggesting social factors and personal agency play larger roles than the brain disease model implies
By arguing addiction doesn't exist
By claiming all treatments are equally effective
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Stone's disease model emphasizes neurobiology. Hall shows social factors predict recovery and most recover without treatment—suggesting agency and context matter more than pure disease models imply.
- Evidence: Hall: model may "underemphasize human agency and social context."
- Reasoning: If most recover naturally, disease framing is incomplete.
- Conclusion: Hall complicates by adding agency and social context.
Choice A is incorrect because Hall doesn't deny brain changes. Choice C is incorrect because Hall studies recovery from something. Choice D is incorrect because Hall distinguishes factors.