Text 1: Psychologist Dr. Emma Hall studies optimism. "Optimistic expectations correlate with better health outcomes and greater persistence," Hall reports. "Positive thinking has measurable benefits. Cultivating optimism is evidence-based advice."
Text 2: Clinical psychologist Dr. James Chen notes defensive pessimism. "For some individuals, anticipating problems aids preparation and reduces anxiety," Chen explains. "Optimism isn't universally beneficial. Personality-matched strategies work better than one-size-fits-all prescriptions."
What does Chen's research suggest about applying Hall's findings?
That optimism never helps anyone
That beneficial strategies may vary by individual psychological profile
That health outcomes are unrelated to psychological factors
That anxiety is always beneficial
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Chen shows "defensive pessimism" helps some people. Hall's optimism advice works for some but not all. "Personality-matched strategies" suggests individual variation matters.
- Evidence: Chen: "Optimism isn't universally beneficial."
- Reasoning: What works depends on personality type.
- Conclusion: Individual profiles should guide strategy selection.
Choice A is incorrect because Chen implies optimism helps some. Choice C is incorrect because Chen links psychology to outcomes. Choice D is incorrect because reducing anxiety is Chen's goal.