Text 1: Evolutionary biologist Dr. Sarah Wells studies altruism. "Helping relatives transmits shared genes," Wells explains. "Kin selection explains apparently selfless behavior—organisms benefit genetically by aiding those carrying similar genes."
Text 2: Primatologist Dr. David Park documents cooperation between unrelated individuals. "Chimpanzees share food and form coalitions with non-kin," Park reports. "Reciprocal altruism and reputation effects extend cooperation beyond genetic calculations. Social cognition enables complex cooperative strategies."
How does Park's research relate to Wells's evolutionary explanation?
It refutes kin selection as a biological mechanism
It expands the mechanisms explaining cooperation beyond kin selection
It argues altruism doesn't exist among animals
It focuses on completely different species
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Park doesn't reject kin selection but adds mechanisms—reciprocity, reputation—that explain cooperation Wells's kin-focused model doesn't cover. Expansion, not replacement.
- Evidence: Park: "extend cooperation beyond genetic calculations."
- Reasoning: Kin selection is incomplete, not wrong.
- Conclusion: Park broadens explanatory mechanisms.
Choice A is incorrect because Park doesn't reject kin selection. Choice C is incorrect because Park documents cooperation. Choice D is incorrect because both discuss evolutionary explanations.