Text 1: Political scientist Dr. Emily Wong studies civic education. "Schools should teach citizenship skills—voting, deliberation, civic participation," Wong argues. "Democracy requires informed, engaged citizens. Education must prepare students for democratic life."
Text 2: Sociologist Dr. Richard Park examines civic learning. "Formal civics instruction shows limited impact on adult participation," Park reports. "Community involvement, family modeling, and peer networks matter more. Civic habits form through practice, not curriculum."
How does Park's research complicate Wong's educational recommendations?
By denying that citizenship skills exist
By suggesting school-based instruction may be less effective than informal learning
By arguing democracy has no value
By claiming adults never participate in civic life
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Wong focuses on school instruction; Park notes "formal civics instruction shows limited impact" compared to informal experiences. Park complicates by questioning schools' effectiveness.
- Evidence: Park: community, family, peers "matter more" than curriculum.
- Reasoning: Wong's school focus may miss more powerful formation contexts.
- Conclusion: Park suggests informal learning may be more effective.
Choice A is incorrect because Park acknowledges civic engagement as real. Choice C is incorrect because Park studies civic participation. Choice D is incorrect because Park studies what promotes adult participation.