Text 1: Historian Dr. Margaret Chen argues colonialism's effects persist. "Colonial educational systems, borders, and economic structures shape postcolonial nations," Chen writes. "Understanding current inequalities requires acknowledging historical causation."
Text 2: Political economist Dr. David Okafor emphasizes postcolonial agency. "Attribution to colonialism risks obscuring present-day governance failures," Okafor cautions. "Citizens deserve analysis that includes local leaders' choices, not just inherited constraints."
Based on the texts, what consideration does Okafor add to Chen's historical analysis?
That colonialism never actually occurred
That contemporary actors also bear responsibility for current conditions
That all postcolonial nations are identical
That economic structures have no effect on development
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Okafor adds present-day accountability: "local leaders' choices, not just inherited constraints." He doesn't deny colonialism's effects but adds contemporary responsibility.
- Evidence: Okafor: analysis should include "present-day governance."
- Reasoning: Historical and contemporary factors both matter.
- Conclusion: Okafor supplements Chen's history with current agency.
Choice A is incorrect because Okafor accepts colonial impact. Choice C is incorrect because Okafor doesn't homogenize. Choice D is incorrect because Okafor critiques governance, acknowledging structures.