Psychologist Dr. Michael Brown argues that birth order significantly affects personality, with firstborns tending to be more conscientious and later-borns more creative. Critics suggest these effects are overblown in popular culture.

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Which research finding would best support Brown's position?

A

Many famous leaders were firstborn children

B

Family size has decreased over time

C

Parents report treating their children equally

D

A study of 20,000 siblings found firstborns scored 15% higher on conscientiousness measures and later-borns scored 20% higher on creative thinking assessments, effects that persisted across cultures and income levels

Correct Answer: D

Choice D is the best answer. Large sample + cross-cultural consistency + specific trait measurements validates the claim.

  1. Context clues: Brown claims specific personality differences by birth order.
  2. Evidence evaluation: 20,000 siblings + multiple cultures controls for confounds.
  3. Verify: 15% conscientiousness + 20% creativity matches claimed traits.

💡 Strategy: Claims about human nature need large, diverse samples to be credible.