Neuroscientist Dr. Michelle Wong studies the effects of bilingualism on brain function. She argues that speaking multiple languages strengthens executive function—the ability to focus, switch between tasks, and filter distractions.
Which research result would best support Wong's claim about executive function benefits?
Bilingual children live in diverse communities
Some people learn languages more easily than others
Bilingual speakers showed 25% faster response times on tasks requiring attention switching and made fewer errors on distraction-filtering tests compared to monolingual speakers with similar education levels
Bilingual speakers performed better on tests of executive function at age 70, showing 40% less cognitive decline than matched monolinguals
Correct Answer: D
Choice D is the best answer. Shows executive function benefits in old age with controlled comparison (matched monolinguals).
- Context clues: Wong claims bilingualism "strengthens executive function."
- Evidence evaluation: 40% less decline + matched comparison controls confounds.
- Verify: Long-term cognitive benefits suggest genuine strengthening.
đź’ˇ Strategy: Cognitive claims are stronger when they show persistent, long-term effects.
Note: Choice C also supports the claim but D shows more lasting effects.
Choice A is incorrect because community diversity doesn't measure brain function. Choice B is incorrect because learning ease doesn't prove executive function benefits.