The following text is about political theory.
The concept of "ideological state apparatuses" (ISAs), developed by Louis Althusser, describes institutions like schools, churches, and media that reproduce dominant ideology not through force but through consent. Unlike "repressive state apparatuses" (police, military) that function primarily through violence, ISAs function primarily through ideology—shaping beliefs, values, and identities so that existing social relations appear natural and legitimate. Yet Althusser emphasized that ISAs are not simply tools of domination; they are also sites of struggle where alternative ideologies can be articulated and dominant ones challenged.
What dual nature of ideological state apparatuses does the text describe?
They use only violent repression to maintain order
They reproduce dominant ideology but are also sites of potential resistance
They operate outside of any state influence
They have no connection to beliefs or values
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. ISAs "reproduce dominant ideology" but are "also sites of struggle where alternative ideologies can be articulated and dominant ones challenged."
- Evidence: Reproduction and potential challenge both described.
- Reasoning: Not simply domination; struggle is possible.
- Conclusion: Dual function as domination and resistance sites.
Choice A is incorrect because ISAs function through ideology, not violence. Choice C is incorrect because they are state apparatuses. Choice D is incorrect because they shape "beliefs, values, and identities."