The following text is about ecology.
Edge effects describe ecological changes at boundaries between different habitats. The edge of a forest bordering a field, for example, experiences different light, temperature, and wind conditions than the forest interior. Some species thrive in these transitional zones; others require deep interior habitat and decline as edges proliferate. Habitat fragmentation—dividing large habitats into smaller patches—increases the proportion of edge relative to interior, benefiting edge-adapted species while threatening interior specialists. Conservation strategies must therefore consider not just habitat area but the shape and configuration that determines edge-to-interior ratios.
Why does the text say habitat shape matters for conservation?
All species prefer habitat edges over interiors
Shape affects edge-to-interior ratios, which differentially impact species
Fragmentation always benefits all wildlife equally
Temperature is uniform throughout all habitats
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. "Conservation strategies must therefore consider not just habitat area but the shape and configuration that determines edge-to-interior ratios" because different species are affected differently.
- Evidence: Shape determines ratios; species differentially impacted.
- Reasoning: Compact shapes have less edge; irregular shapes have more.
- Conclusion: Configuration affects which species can survive.
Choice A is incorrect because some species "require deep interior habitat." Choice C is incorrect because fragmentation helps some, threatens others. Choice D is incorrect because edges have "different light, temperature, and wind conditions."