The following text is about philosophy of science.
Inference to the best explanation (IBE) is a form of reasoning where we infer the truth of the hypothesis that would, if true, best explain the evidence. Scientists don't just note that theories fit data; they prefer theories that explain data elegantly, unify diverse phenomena, and cohere with other knowledge. Detectives, doctors, and everyday reasoners use similar inferential patterns. Critics question whether explanatory virtues track truth—perhaps they reflect human cognitive preferences rather than features of reality. Defenders argue that the success of science demonstrates IBE's reliability in practice.
What concern do critics raise about inference to the best explanation?
It is never used in scientific practice
Explanatory preferences may reflect cognitive biases rather than reality
Evidence is irrelevant to scientific reasoning
Theories should never explain anything
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Critics "question whether explanatory virtues track truth—perhaps they reflect human cognitive preferences rather than features of reality."
- Evidence: Explanatory virtues may reflect cognitive preferences.
- Reasoning: What humans find explanatory might not indicate what's real.
- Conclusion: Bias rather than reality may drive preferences.
Choice A is incorrect because scientists clearly use IBE. Choice C is incorrect because theories must fit data. Choice D is incorrect because explanation is the goal, not rejected.