The following text discusses philosophy of perception.
Direct realism holds that perception gives us immediate access to the external world as it really is. Representationalism counters that we perceive the world indirectly—through mental representations that may or may not accurately reflect reality. The argument from illusion supports representationalism: when a straight stick appears bent in water, we perceive something that doesn't match reality, suggesting perception involves intermediary representations. Yet direct realists respond that illusions don't prove indirect perception—they show perception can be mistaken, which is compatible with direct access that sometimes errs.
How do direct realists respond to the argument from illusion?
By denying that illusions ever occur
By arguing that illusions show perception can err while still being direct
By accepting that all perception is indirect
By claiming sticks never look bent in water
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Direct realists "respond that illusions don't prove indirect perception—they show perception can be mistaken, which is compatible with direct access that sometimes errs."
- Evidence: Illusions show error possible; direct access can err.
- Reasoning: Error doesn't require intermediary representation.
- Conclusion: Direct perception can sometimes be wrong.
Choice A is incorrect because they acknowledge illusions occur. Choice C is incorrect because they maintain directness. Choice D is incorrect because they accept the appearance.