The following text discusses epistemology.
Epistemic humility—acknowledging the limits of one's knowledge and the possibility of error—is widely considered a virtue. But how much humility is appropriate? Too little leads to dogmatism; too much leads to paralysis or excessive deference. Philosophers debate whether humility requires actually reducing confidence in one's beliefs or merely being open to revising them. Some argue that epistemic humility sits in tension with conviction needed for moral and political action. Others counter that true humility is compatible with confident action based on the best available evidence while remaining open to correction.
What tension does the text identify regarding epistemic humility?
Humility may conflict with the confidence needed for action
Humility always leads to perfect knowledge
All philosophers agree on the exact amount of humility required
Humility has no relationship to belief or action
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the correct answer. The text notes "some argue that epistemic humility sits in tension with conviction needed for moral and political action."
- Evidence: Tension between humility and conviction for action.
- Reasoning: Too much humility may prevent necessary action.
- Conclusion: Humility-action tension is identified.
Choice B is incorrect because humility acknowledges limits, not perfect knowledge. Choice C is incorrect because "philosophers debate" the appropriate amount. Choice D is incorrect because the whole passage discusses humility's effects on belief and action.