The following text is about physics.
The anthropic principle notes that the universe's physical constants appear fine-tuned to allow complex life. Slight changes in gravitational strength, nuclear forces, or other parameters would yield a universe without stars, chemistry, or life. Some interpret this as evidence of cosmic design. Others argue the reasoning is backward: we observe fine-tuning precisely because we exist to observe it—universes unsuited for life contain no observers to wonder about constants. Multiverse theories propose many universes with varying constants; we inevitably find ourselves in one capable of producing us.
What explanation for fine-tuning do multiverse theories offer?
Only one universe exists with specially designed constants
Many universes with varying constants exist, and we naturally exist in a life-permitting one
Physical constants can change over time within our universe
Fine-tuning is an illusion with no actual significance
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. The text states multiverse theories "propose many universes with varying constants; we inevitably find ourselves in one capable of producing us."
- Evidence: Many universes; varying constants; we exist in a suitable one.
- Reasoning: Selection effect rather than special design.
- Conclusion: We observe fine-tuning because we exist in a compatible universe.
Choice A is incorrect because multiverse theories propose many universes. Choice C is incorrect because constant variation is between universes, not within. Choice D is incorrect because fine-tuning is real but explained differently.