The following text is about political science.
The concept of "soft power," coined by Joseph Nye, describes a nation's ability to achieve goals through attraction rather than coercion. While "hard power" relies on military force and economic pressure, soft power operates through culture, values, and policies that others find appealing. A country with attractive popular culture, respected institutions, and admired values can build international influence without force. Critics argue soft power is too diffuse and slow to address urgent threats, but Nye counters that hard power alone often generates resistance, making soft power essential for lasting influence.
How does soft power differ from hard power according to the text?
Soft power uses military force; hard power uses culture
Soft power achieves influence through attraction; hard power through coercion
There is no meaningful difference between them
Hard power is always more effective than soft power
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. Soft power achieves goals "through attraction rather than coercion" while hard power "relies on military force and economic pressure."
- Evidence: Attraction vs. coercion; culture vs. force.
- Reasoning: Means of influence differs fundamentally.
- Conclusion: Attraction (soft) vs. coercion (hard) is the key distinction.
Choice A is incorrect because this reverses the definitions. Choice C is incorrect because clear differences are described. Choice D is incorrect because hard power "often generates resistance."