The following text discusses quantum mechanics.
The Copenhagen interpretation, formulated primarily by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, remains the most influential framework for understanding quantum mechanics. It holds that before measurement, quantum systems exist in superpositions of states—the famous Schrödinger's cat being both alive and dead. Measurement "collapses" this superposition into a definite outcome. The interpretation remains controversial because it distinguishes observer from observed without explaining what constitutes an "observer" or why observation has this special role.
What paradox of the Copenhagen interpretation does the text identify?
It cannot predict any experimental outcomes
It assigns special status to observation without explaining what qualifies as an observer
It rejects the possibility of superposition entirely
Bohr and Heisenberg fundamentally disagreed with each other
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. The text says the interpretation "distinguishes observer from observed without explaining what constitutes an 'observer' or why observation has this special role."
- Evidence: Special role for observation; no explanation of what qualifies.
- Reasoning: Observer plays crucial role yet remains undefined.
- Conclusion: Unexplained observer status is the paradox.
Choice A is incorrect because prediction success isn't questioned. Choice C is incorrect because superposition is central to the interpretation. Choice D is incorrect because they jointly "formulated" it.