The following text discusses neuroscience.
The modular theory of mind proposes that the brain consists of specialized systems, each handling specific cognitive tasks: one for language, another for face recognition, another for navigating space. Evidence comes partly from brain lesions that impair specific abilities while leaving others intact. However, neuroimaging research reveals extensive interconnection between regions, and many cognitive tasks engage distributed networks rather than isolated modules. Current thinking increasingly emphasizes both specialization and integration—brains contain specialized regions that work together in flexible networks.
How has understanding of brain organization evolved according to the text?
From seeing completely separate modules to recognizing specialized but interconnected regions
From integration to viewing the brain as isolated modules
Scientists now believe no specialization exists
Brain imaging has been completely unreliable
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the correct answer. The text describes movement from "modular theory" to "current thinking" emphasizing "both specialization and integration—specialized regions that work together in flexible networks."
- Evidence: From modules toward specialization plus integration.
- Reasoning: Both concepts now inform understanding.
- Conclusion: Specialized but interconnected replaces pure modularity.
Choice B is incorrect because the evolution moved toward more integration, not away. Choice C is incorrect because specialization is still recognized. Choice D is incorrect because neuroimaging provided valuable evidence.