The following text is about anthropology.
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis proposes that language shapes thinking—that speakers of different languages perceive and conceptualize the world differently. Strong versions claim language determines thought; weaker versions suggest it merely influences it. Research has found, for example, that speakers of languages with different color terms categorize colors differently, and that speakers whose language uses absolute directions (north, south) rather than relative ones (left, right) develop superior spatial orientation. These findings support the influence version while stopping short of determinism.
What does the research described in the text suggest about the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
Language completely determines all thought
Language has no effect on thinking
Language influences but does not fully determine thinking
Only English speakers have been studied
Correct Answer: C
Choice C is the correct answer. The text concludes findings "support the influence version while stopping short of determinism."
- Evidence: Research shows effects but not complete determination.
- Reasoning: Influence confirmed; strong determinism not supported.
- Conclusion: Language influences but doesn't determine thought.
Choice A is incorrect because the text rejects the "strong version." Choice B is incorrect because clear effects are documented. Choice D is incorrect because color and direction examples suggest cross-linguistic study.