The following text is about behavioral science.
The "bystander effect" describes how individuals are less likely to help someone in distress when other people are present. Psychologists explain this through diffusion of responsibility: each witness assumes someone else will act. Studies show that a single bystander is far more likely to offer help than a large crowd. However, research also suggests this effect can be overcome through training—people taught to recognize the bystander effect are more likely to take action despite the presence of others.
According to the text, what can reduce the bystander effect?
Increasing the number of people present
Training that makes people aware of the phenomenon
Removing all witnesses from emergency situations
Using loudspeakers to call for help
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. The text states "the effect can be overcome through training—people taught to recognize the bystander effect are more likely to take action."
- Evidence: Training helps overcome the effect.
- Reasoning: Awareness of the phenomenon reduces its power.
- Conclusion: Education about the effect mitigates it.
Choice A is incorrect because more people makes the effect stronger. Choice C is incorrect because this isn't practical or suggested. Choice D is incorrect because communication methods aren't discussed.