The following text is about neuroscience.
Brain plasticity—the brain's ability to reorganize itself—was once thought to occur only during childhood. Scientists now know that adult brains also change in response to learning and experience. London taxi drivers, who must memorize the city's complex street layout, show enlarged hippocampi—brain regions associated with spatial memory. Musicians who practice extensively develop enhanced connections in areas that control hearing and motor skills.
What does the text suggest about adult brain development?
Adult brains cannot change or develop new structures
Adult brains can physically change in response to learning
Only taxi drivers can develop new brain structures
Musicians always have larger brains than other people
Correct Answer: B
Choice B is the correct answer. The text shows taxi drivers with "enlarged hippocampi" and musicians with "enhanced connections"—both examples of adult brains changing.
- Evidence: Specific physical changes in taxi drivers and musicians.
- Reasoning: These changes occur in adults, not just children.
- Conclusion: Learning causes physical brain changes in adults.
Choice A is incorrect because the text explicitly contradicts this. Choice C is incorrect because musicians are also mentioned. Choice D is incorrect because only specific areas are enhanced.