Linguist Dr. Silas Vance has observed a phenomenon known as "pejoration," where a word with a neutral or positive connotation acquires a negative meaning over time. For instance, the word "villain" originally meant a farm worker, but now refers to a wicked person. Vance argues that this shift is driven by social prejudices and the human tendency to use euphemisms that eventually become tainted. However, he emphasizes that this trajectory is not a degradation of language but rather a reflection of shifting societal values, demonstrating that language is a living archive of cultural history.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
Although words often develop negative meanings over time, Dr. Vance views this "pejoration" as a historical reflection rather than linguistic decay.
Although "villain" is a common example of pejoration, Dr. Vance argues that most words actually gain positive associations as they evolve.
Although social prejudices drive linguistic shifts, Dr. Vance suggests that dictionary definitions should remain static to preserve history.
Although language changes, the process of pejoration proves that modern communication is less polite than it was in the past.
Correct Answer: A
Choice A is the best answer. The text defines "pejoration" and provides an example, but the central point is Vance’s interpretation: that this process is "not a degradation" but a "reflection of shifting societal values."
Choice B is incorrect because Vance does not argue that most words gain positive associations; the text focuses on words acquiring negative meanings. Choice C is incorrect because the text mentions language is a "living archive," implying change is natural; it does not suggest definitions should remain static. Choice D is incorrect because Vance views the change as a historical reflection, not a judgment on the politeness or quality of modern communication.